{"cols":["id","k","n","y0","y1","la","lo","c","m","s","f","g","x"],"e":[["agnew-aus","m","Agnew",null,null,-28.012,120.519,"AUS",["gold"],[0,1,2],"producing",5,0],["ahafo-gha","m","Ahafo",null,null,7.043,-2.334,"GHA",["gold"],[3,4],"producing",3,0],["almaden-mines-esp","m","Almaden mercury mines",null,2003,38.776,-4.848,"ESP",["mercury"],[5,6],"heritage",6,0],["antamina-per","m","Antamina",null,null,-9.565,-77.036,"PER",["copper","zinc","molybdenum","silver"],[7,4],"producing",3,0],["araxa-cbbm-bra","m","Araxa (CBMM)",null,null,-19.666,-46.91,"BRA",["niobium","phosphate"],[4],"producing",7,0],["argyle-aus","m","Argyle diamond mine",null,2020,-16.712,128.398,"AUS",["diamonds"],[8,9,10,11],"closed",10,0],["bagdad-usa","m","Bagdad",1945,null,34.585,-113.211,"USA",["copper","molybdenum"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["balama-moz","m","Balama",null,null,-13.349,38.57,"MOZ",["graphite"],[13,4,14],"producing",5,0],["bald-hill-aus","m","Bald Hill",null,null,-31.526,122.192,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[1,15],"care_and_maintenance",6,0],["ballarat-aus","m","Ballarat goldfield",1851,null,-37.561,143.847,"AUS",["gold"],[16,17],"",11,0],["banska-stiavnica-svk","m","Banska Stiavnica mining district",null,null,48.459,18.893,"SVK",["silver","gold"],[18],"",6,0],["bayan-obo-chn","m","Bayan Obo",null,null,41.799,109.974,"CHN",["rare-earths","iron-ore","niobium"],[4],"producing",8,0],["bendigo-aus","m","Bendigo goldfield",1851,null,-36.75,144.267,"AUS",["gold"],[19,20],"closed",9,0],["berkeley-pit-usa","m","Berkeley Pit",1955,1982,46.017,-112.51,"USA",["copper"],[21,22],"closed",8,0],["besshi-copper-mine-jpn","m","Besshi copper mine",1691,null,33.865,133.328,"JPN",["copper"],[23],"",5,0],["big-bell-aus","m","Big Bell mine",1936,2003,-27.317,117.651,"AUS",["gold"],[24,25],"closed",6,0],["big-pit-blaenavon-gbr","m","Big Pit coal mine, Blaenavon",1860,1980,51.772,-3.105,"GBR",["coal","iron-ore"],[26,27],"heritage",9,0],["bikita-zwe","m","Bikita",null,null,-19.961,31.428,"ZWE",["lithium","caesium","beryllium"],[4],"producing",7,0],["bingham-canyon-usa","m","Bingham Canyon",1903,null,40.522,-112.149,"USA",["copper","silver","gold","molybdenum"],[28,10,4],"producing",14,0],["bisbee-arizona-usa","m","Bisbee copper mines",1877,1975,31.448,-109.928,"USA",["copper","gold","silver","lead","zinc"],[29,30,31],"heritage",6,0],["bisie-mpama-north-and-south-cod","m","Bisie (Mpama North and South)",null,null,-1.033,27.733,"COD",["tin"],[32,4,33],"producing",5,0],["boddington-aus","m","Boddington",null,null,-32.764,116.383,"AUS",["gold","copper","silver"],[3,34,4,35],"producing",6,0],["bodie-usa","m","Bodie",1859,null,38.212,-119.012,"USA",["gold"],[36,37],"heritage",7,0],["botallack-gbr","m","Botallack Mine",null,null,50.133,-5.683,"GBR",["tin","copper","arsenic"],[38,39,40],"heritage",10,0],["britannia-mine-can","m","Britannia 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(Keweenaw)",1858,null,47.246,-88.454,"USA",["copper"],[54,55],"closed",5,0],["cannington-aus","m","Cannington",1997,null,-21.856,140.907,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[1,56,45],"producing",3,0],["carajas-s11d-northern-system-bra","m","Carajas S11D / Northern System",1967,null,-6.066,-50.16,"BRA",["iron-ore"],[57,4],"producing",5,0],["carlin-gold-quarry-usa","m","Carlin - Gold Quarry",1980,null,40.783,-116.185,"USA",["gold"],[58,4],"",4,0],["carlin-usa","m","Carlin (Nevada Gold Mines)",1965,null,40.841,-116.217,"USA",["gold","copper","silver"],[58,4,59],"producing",4,0],["catoca-ago","m","Catoca",1996,null,-9.399,20.301,"AGO",["diamonds"],[60,61],"producing",6,0],["cerro-rico-potosi-bol","m","Cerro Rico de Potosi",1545,null,-19.619,-65.75,"BOL",["silver","tin"],[62,63,64,65],"",13,0],["cerro-verde-per","m","Cerro Verde",null,null,-16.538,-71.578,"PER",["copper","molybdenum"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["chanarcillo-chl","m","Chanarcillo",1832,1890,-27.812,-70.416,"CHL",["silver"],[66,67],"closed",3,0],["chino-usa","m","Chino",1910,null,32.791,-108.086,"USA",["copper"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["cigar-lake-can","m","Cigar Lake",2014,null,58.069,-104.541,"CAN",["uranium"],[68,4],"producing",5,0],["climax-usa","m","Climax Mine",1879,null,39.369,-106.172,"USA",["molybdenum"],[69,70,71],"",6,0],["cobalt-silver-camp-can","m","Cobalt silver camp",1903,null,47.4,-79.683,"CAN",["silver","cobalt"],[72,73],"closed",9,0],["codelco-norte-chuquicamata-chl","m","Chuquicamata",1915,null,-22.307,-68.916,"CHL",["copper","molybdenum"],[4,74,75,76],"producing",9,0],["collahuasi-chl","m","Collahuasi",null,null,-20.968,-68.673,"CHL",["copper","molybdenum"],[4,76],"producing",5,0],["comstock-lode-usa","m","Comstock Lode",1859,1881,39.304,-119.65,"USA",["silver","gold","mercury"],[77,78,79],"closed",19,0],["consolidated-murchison-antimony-line-zaf","m","Consolidated Murchison (Antimony Line)",null,null,-23.897,30.531,"ZAF",["antimony","gold"],[4,80],"producing",4,0],["coolgardie-goldfield-aus","m","Coolgardie goldfield",1892,null,-30.953,121.164,"AUS",["gold"],[81,82,83,84],"",13,0],["copper-cliff-mine-can","m","Copper Cliff Mine (Sudbury)",1883,null,46.477,-81.068,"CAN",["copper","nickel"],[85,86],"closed",12,0],["cortez-usa","m","Cortez (Nevada Gold Mines)",1969,null,40.226,-116.663,"USA",["gold","copper","silver"],[58,4,59],"producing",4,0],["creighton-can","m","Creighton",null,null,46.474,-81.188,"CAN",["nickel","copper"],[87,45],"producing",8,0],["cripple-creek-usa","m","Cripple Creek",1890,null,38.747,-105.179,"USA",["gold"],[88,89],"producing",11,0],["crown-mines-zaf","m","Crown Mines",null,null,-26.229,27.985,"ZAF",["gold"],[90],"",8,0],["cuajone-per","m","Cuajone",1976,null,-17.043,-70.708,"PER",["copper","molybdenum","silver"],[91],"producing",6,0],["cue-day-dawn-aus","m","Cue and Day Dawn goldfield",null,null,-27.467,117.867,"AUS",["gold"],[92,93],"",4,0],["devon-great-consols-gbr","m","Devon Great Consols",1844,1903,50.54,-4.22,"GBR",["copper","arsenic"],[94,39,95],"heritage",4,0],["diavik-can","m","Diavik",1994,null,64.496,-110.273,"CAN",["diamonds"],[10,96,97],"producing",6,0],["dolaucothi-gbr","m","Dolaucothi Gold Mines",70,1938,52.045,-3.95,"GBR",["gold"],[98,99],"heritage",4,0],["dolcoath-gbr","m","Dolcoath Mine",1700,1921,50.217,-5.28,"GBR",["tin","copper"],[100,39,101],"closed",10,0],["east-rand-proprietary-mines-zaf","m","East Rand Proprietary Mines (ERPM)",null,null,-26.2,28.3,"ZAF",["gold"],[102],"",8,0],["ekati-can","m","Ekati",1998,null,64.698,-110.647,"CAN",["diamonds"],[103],"",6,0],["el-abra-chl","m","El Abra",1996,null,-21.922,-68.834,"CHL",["copper"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["el-teniente-chl","m","El Teniente",1905,null,-34.087,-70.457,"CHL",["copper","molybdenum"],[4,74,104,75],"producing",9,0],["empire-mine-usa","m","Empire Mine",1850,1956,39.204,-121.043,"USA",["gold"],[105,106],"heritage",4,0],["ernest-henry-and-mount-isa-mount-isa-aus","m","Mount Isa Mines",null,null,-20.727,139.483,"AUS",["copper","lead","zinc","silver"],[1,45],"producing",6,0],["escondida-chl","m","Escondida",1981,null,-24.271,-69.072,"CHL",["copper","silver","gold"],[107,4],"producing",9,0],["falun-swe","m","Falun Mine (Stora Kopparberg)",2001,1992,60.605,15.631,"SWE",["copper"],[108,109,110],"heritage",9,0],["fortescue-pilbara-region-christmas-creek-aus","m","Christmas Creek",null,null,-22.401,119.728,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[1,45],"producing",3,0],["fortescue-pilbara-region-cloudbreak-aus","m","Cloudbreak",null,null,-22.327,119.397,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[1,45],"producing",8,0],["freiberg-silver-deu","m","Freiberg silver mining district",null,null,50.912,13.343,"DEU",["silver","lead","zinc"],[111,112],"heritage",10,0],["gabriels-gully-nzl","m","Gabriel's Gully",1861,1930,-45.881,169.682,"NZL",["gold"],[113,114],"heritage",9,0],["geevor-gbr","m","Geevor Tin Mine",null,1990,50.154,-5.677,"GBR",["tin"],[38,39,115],"heritage",10,0],["gejiu-chn","m","Gejiu",null,null,23.363,103.154,"CHN",["tin"],[4,116],"producing",5,0],["giant-mine-can","m","Giant Mine",1948,2004,62.5,-114.359,"CAN",["gold","arsenic"],[117,118,119],"closed",11,0],["golden-mile-aus","m","Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie-Boulder",1893,null,-30.778,121.506,"AUS",["gold"],[120,121,122],"",16,0],["goldstrike-usa","m","Goldstrike (Nevada Gold Mines)",1962,null,41.007,-116.391,"USA",["gold","copper","silver"],[58,4,59],"producing",3,0],["goulamina-mli","m","Goulamina",null,null,11.346,-7.96,"MLI",["lithium"],[123,124],"producing",6,0],["grasberg-idn","m","Grasberg minerals district",1972,null,-4.06,137.113,"IDN",["copper","gold","silver"],[12,4,125,126],"producing",8,0],["great-boulder-mine-aus","m","Great Boulder mine",1893,null,-30.784,121.512,"AUS",["gold"],[121,127],"",8,0],["great-orme-gbr","m","Great Orme Mines",-1600,-1200,53.333,-3.856,"GBR",["copper"],[128,129,130],"heritage",7,0],["greenbushes-aus","m","Greenbushes",1888,null,-33.867,116.062,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[131,132,4],"producing",15,0],["grimes-graves-gbr","m","Grime's Graves",-2600,-2100,52.477,0.673,"GBR",["flint"],[133,134],"heritage",4,0],["hallstatt-salt-mine-aut","m","Hallstatt salt mine",-1500,null,47.565,13.631,"AUT",["salt"],[135,136],"producing",5,0],["hamersley-mines-mount-tom-price-aus","m","Hamersley Mines - Mount Tom Price",1966,null,-22.749,117.77,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[10,4,97],"",10,0],["hamersley-mines-paraburdoo-aus","m","Hamersley Mines - Paraburdoo",1974,null,-23.236,117.603,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[97,45],"producing",7,0],["hemerdon-gbr","m","Hemerdon",null,null,50.41,-4.01,"GBR",["tungsten","tin"],[137,138],"development",7,0],["henderson-usa","m","Henderson",1976,null,39.77,-105.837,"USA",["molybdenum"],[12,4],"producing",3,0],["hill-end-aus","m","Hill End goldfield",null,null,-33.032,149.418,"AUS",["gold"],[139],"",8,0],["homestake-usa","m","Homestake Mine",1876,2001,44.356,-103.765,"USA",["gold","silver"],[140,141],"closed",12,0],["huancavelica-per","m","Huancavelica mercury mine",1564,null,-12.785,-74.971,"PER",["mercury"],[63,142],"closed",7,0],["humberstone-santa-laura-chl","m","Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpetre works",1862,1959,-20.208,-69.794,"CHL",["nitrate"],[143,144,145],"heritage",8,0],["husab-nam","m","Husab",null,null,-22.553,15.06,"NAM",["uranium"],[146,4,147],"producing",5,0],["idrija-mercury-mine-svn","m","Idrija mercury mine",1490,null,46.0,14.023,"SVN",["mercury"],[148,149],"heritage",6,0],["impala-rustenburg-zaf","m","Impala Rustenburg",null,null,-25.688,27.258,"ZAF",["pgm"],[80,150],"producing",7,0],["inkai-kaz","m","Inkai",1976,null,45.282,67.537,"KAZ",["uranium"],[151,4,152],"producing",4,0],["ivanhoe-mine-aus","m","Ivanhoe mine, Kalgoorlie",1893,null,-30.782,121.501,"AUS",["gold"],[121,153],"",7,0],["iwami-ginzan-jpn","m","Iwami Ginzan silver mine",1526,1923,35.107,132.438,"JPN",["silver","copper"],[154,155],"heritage",7,0],["jachymov-cze","m","Jachymov mines",1516,null,50.358,12.935,"CZE",["silver","uranium"],[156,112],"heritage",8,0],["jagersfontein-zaf","m","Jagersfontein diamond mine",1852,null,-29.765,25.419,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[157,158],"",6,0],["jeffrey-mine-can","m","Jeffrey Mine (Asbestos, Quebec)",1879,2012,45.768,-71.961,"CAN",["asbestos"],[159,160],"closed",5,0],["jundee-aus","m","Jundee",null,null,-26.359,120.62,"AUS",["gold"],[1,45],"producing",5,0],["jwaneng-bwa","m","Jwaneng",1982,null,-24.523,24.702,"BWA",["diamonds"],[161,162],"producing",6,0],["kabwe-broken-hill-zmb","m","Kabwe (Broken Hill) lead mine",1904,1994,-14.433,28.45,"ZMB",["lead"],[163,164],"closed",4,0],["kalgoorlie-aus","m","Kalgoorlie",1893,null,-30.762,121.494,"AUS",["gold"],[34,4,165],"producing",12,0],["kambalda-aus","m","Kambalda nickel",1966,null,-31.208,121.643,"AUS",["nickel"],[166,167,168,34],"care_and_maintenance",12,0],["kamoa-kakula-cod","m","Kamoa-Kakula",null,null,-10.776,25.258,"COD",["copper"],[169,4],"producing",9,0],["kansanshi-zmb","m","Kansanshi",null,null,-12.091,26.434,"ZMB",["copper","gold"],[170,4,171],"producing",3,0],["katanga-mining-complex-cod","m","Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) / Katanga Mining 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Hole",1871,1914,-28.739,24.759,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[182,183,184],"heritage",23,0],["kiruna-swe","m","Kiruna",1898,null,67.841,20.181,"SWE",["iron-ore"],[185,4],"producing",11,0],["kisanfu-kfm-cod","m","Kisanfu (KFM)",null,null,-10.774,25.975,"COD",["cobalt","copper"],[4],"producing",5,0],["klondike-bonanza-creek-can","m","Klondike (Bonanza Creek)",1897,null,63.962,-139.236,"CAN",["gold"],[186,187,188],"heritage",20,0],["kolmanskop-nam","m","Kolmanskop",1908,1956,-26.704,15.232,"NAM",["diamonds"],[189],"closed",6,0],["kongsberg-silver-mines-nor","m","Kongsberg silver mines",1623,1958,59.633,9.599,"NOR",["silver","copper"],[190,191],"heritage",6,0],["koolyanobbing-aus","m","Koolyanobbing",null,null,-30.824,119.519,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[1,45],"producing",7,0],["kutna-hora-silver-cze","m","Kutna Hora silver 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Engine",null,null,50.152,-5.686,"GBR",["copper","tin"],[38,100,39,206],"heritage",8,0],["lihir-png","m","Lihir",null,null,-3.124,152.642,"PNG",["gold","copper","silver"],[3,4,35],"producing",4,0],["mcarthur-river-key-lake-can","m","McArthur River / Key Lake",1999,null,57.761,-105.052,"CAN",["uranium"],[207,4],"producing",5,0],["mibra-bra","m","Mibra",null,null,-20.751,-44.828,"BRA",["tantalum","tin","lithium"],[4,208],"producing",5,0],["mir-rus","m","Mir diamond mine",1955,2017,62.526,113.984,"RUS",["diamonds"],[209,210],"care_and_maintenance",8,0],["mittersill-aut","m","Mittersill (Felbertal tungsten mine)",1967,null,47.226,12.489,"AUT",["tungsten"],[211,212,213],"producing",6,0],["moa-project-cub","m","Moa",null,null,20.657,-74.95,"CUB",["nickel","cobalt"],[4],"producing",5,0],["mogalakwena-zaf","m","Mogalakwena",null,null,-23.971,28.914,"ZAF",["pgm","nickel","copper"],[80,45],"producing",6,0],["molo-mdg","m","Molo",null,null,null,null,"MDG",["graphite"],[214],"producing",5,0],["moonta-mines-aus","m","Moonta Mines",1861,1923,-34.076,137.601,"AUS",["copper"],[215,216],"heritage",4,0],["morenci-usa","m","Morenci",1939,null,33.063,-109.335,"USA",["copper","molybdenum"],[12,4],"producing",7,0],["morro-velho-bra","m","Morro Velho gold mine",null,null,-19.965,-43.832,"BRA",["gold"],[217],"",3,0],["mount-isa-aus","m","Mount Isa Mines",null,null,-20.716,139.476,"AUS",["copper","lead","zinc","silver"],[218,219],"producing",6,0],["mount-keith-aus","m","Mount Keith",1995,null,-27.21,120.556,"AUS",["nickel"],[4,220],"care_and_maintenance",6,0],["mount-lyell-aus","m","Mount Lyell mine",1893,null,-42.063,145.582,"AUS",["copper","gold","silver"],[221],"",6,0],["mount-marion-aus","m","Mount Marion",null,null,-31.081,121.434,"AUS",["lithium"],[4],"",8,0],["mount-morgan-aus","m","Mount Morgan Mine",1882,1990,-23.641,150.375,"AUS",["gold","copper"],[222,223],"closed",5,0],["mount-newman-aus","m","Mount Newman",1969,null,-23.359,119.679,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[107,4,220,1],"producing",10,0],["mount-weld-aus","m","Mount Weld",null,null,-28.864,122.548,"AUS",["rare-earths"],[224,4],"producing",12,0],["mountain-pass-usa","m","Mountain Pass",1952,null,35.481,-115.534,"USA",["rare-earths"],[225,4],"producing",10,0],["mponeng-zaf","m","Mponeng",1986,null,-26.437,27.432,"ZAF",["gold"],[226,227,4],"producing",6,0],["mt-cattlin-aus","m","Mt Cattlin",null,null,-33.561,120.019,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[10,4,97],"care_and_maintenance",8,0],["murrin-murrin-aus","m","Murrin Murrin",null,null,-28.768,121.895,"AUS",["nickel","cobalt"],[34,4],"producing",8,0],["muruntau-uzb","m","Muruntau",1958,null,41.496,64.578,"UZB",["gold"],[228,229,230],"producing",4,0],["mutanda-cod","m","Mutanda",null,null,-10.787,25.81,"COD",["cobalt","copper"],[231,4],"producing",8,0],["niobec-can","m","Niobec",null,null,48.532,-71.159,"CAN",["niobium"],[4,232],"producing",5,0],["nkomati-zaf","m","Nkomati",null,null,-25.723,30.594,"ZAF",["nickel","cobalt","copper","pgm","chromium"],[233,4],"producing",5,0],["nolans-aus","m","Nolans",null,null,null,null,"AUS",["rare-earths","phosphate"],[234],"development",4,0],["nornickel-taimyr-peninsula-oktyabrsky-rus","m","Oktyabrsky and Talnakh mines (Norilsk)",null,null,69.525,88.337,"RUS",["nickel","copper","pgm","cobalt"],[235,45],"producing",8,0],["nornickel-taimyr-peninsula-rus","m","Norilsk-Taimyr (Nornickel)",null,null,69.425,88.317,"RUS",["nickel","copper","pgm","cobalt"],[236,4],"producing",10,0],["nova-aus","m","Nova (Nova-Bollinger)",null,null,-31.81,123.174,"AUS",["nickel"],[237],"producing",5,0],["obuasi-gha","m","Obuasi",null,null,6.172,-1.692,"GHA",["gold"],[178,4],"",9,0],["ok-tedi-png","m","Ok Tedi mine",null,null,-5.241,141.184,"PNG",["copper","gold"],[238],"",8,0],["olaroz-arg","m","Olaroz",null,null,-23.476,-66.666,"ARG",["lithium"],[97,239],"producing",6,0],["olimpiada-rus","m","Olimpiada",1975,null,59.865,92.916,"RUS",["gold"],[240,241],"producing",4,0],["olympic-dam-aus","m","Olympic Dam",1975,null,-30.446,136.87,"AUS",["uranium","copper","gold","silver"],[107,4,242,220],"producing",9,0],["orapa-bwa","m","Orapa",1971,null,-21.307,25.37,"BWA",["diamonds"],[161,243],"producing",10,0],["ouro-preto-minas-gerais-bra","m","Ouro Preto and the Minas Gerais gold fields",null,null,-20.385,-43.504,"BRA",["gold"],[244,245],"heritage",5,0],["ovoid-can","m","Voisey's Bay / Ovoid",null,null,56.339,-62.095,"CAN",["nickel","copper","cobalt"],[57,4],"producing",5,0],["oyu-tolgoi-mng","m","Oyu Tolgoi",2011,null,43.025,106.867,"MNG",["copper","gold","silver"],[246,10,4],"producing",6,0],["panasqueira-prt","m","Panasqueira",1888,null,40.15,-7.75,"PRT",["tungsten"],[247,4,248],"producing",8,0],["panguna-png","m","Panguna mine",1972,1989,-6.315,155.495,"PNG",["copper","gold","silver"],[249,250,251],"closed",9,0],["panzhihua-chn","m","Panzhihua",null,null,26.6,101.764,"CHN",["vanadium","titanium","iron-ore"],[4],"producing",5,0],["pasto-bueno-per","m","Pasto Bueno",null,null,null,null,"PER",["tungsten"],[252],"",4,0],["picher-tri-state-usa","m","Picher (Tri-State district)",null,1967,36.983,-94.831,"USA",["zinc","lead"],[253,254],"closed",7,0],["pilgangoora-aus","m","Pilgangoora",null,null,-21.071,118.902,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[255,4],"producing",11,0],["pilgrims-rest-zaf","m","Pilgrim's Rest goldfield",1873,null,-24.908,30.757,"ZAF",["gold"],[256],"",6,0],["pitinga-bra","m","Pitinga",null,null,-0.753,-60.101,"BRA",["tin","niobium","tantalum"],[4],"producing",3,0],["porgera-png","m","Porgera",null,null,-5.464,143.093,"PNG",["gold"],[257,4,59,35],"producing",4,0],["pueblo-viejo-dom","m","Pueblo Viejo",1975,null,18.94,-70.178,"DOM",["gold","copper","silver"],[58,3,4,59,35],"producing",3,0],["rammelsberg-deu","m","Rammelsberg mine",1992,1988,51.888,10.432,"DEU",["silver","copper","lead","zinc","gold"],[258,259],"heritage",11,0],["ranger-aus","m","Ranger uranium mine",1980,2021,-12.683,132.917,"AUS",["uranium"],[260,261,262,10],"closed",3,0],["red-dog-usa","m","Red Dog",1989,null,68.076,-162.856,"USA",["zinc","lead","silver"],[263,45],"producing",6,0],["renison-aus","m","Renison",null,null,-41.795,145.436,"AUS",["tin"],[34,4],"producing",5,0],["riotinto-mines-esp","m","Riotinto mining district",null,null,37.705,-6.578,"ESP",["silver","copper","lead"],[264,265],"",13,0],["robinson-deep-zaf","m","Robinson Deep mine",null,null,-26.222,28.054,"ZAF",["gold"],[266],"",8,0],["roros-nor","m","Roros Copper Works and mines",1644,1977,62.577,11.391,"NOR",["copper"],[267,268,269,270],"heritage",8,0],["rosia-montana-rou","m","Rosia Montana gold district",null,null,46.304,23.114,"ROU",["gold","silver"],[271],"",8,0],["rossing-nam","m","Rossing",1976,null,-22.479,15.048,"NAM",["uranium"],[146,4,147,272],"producing",4,0],["roy-hill-aus","m","Roy Hill",null,null,-22.622,119.958,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[1,273],"producing",6,0],["ruashi-cod","m","Ruashi",null,null,-11.611,27.554,"COD",["cobalt","copper"],[4,172],"producing",11,0],["sado-gold-mines-jpn","m","Sado gold and silver mine",null,null,38.042,138.256,"JPN",["gold","silver"],[274,275],"heritage",7,0],["safford-usa","m","Safford",null,null,32.946,-109.65,"USA",["copper"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["salar-de-atacama-sqm-nova-andino-litio-chl","m","Salar de Atacama (SQM / Nova Andino Litio)",null,null,-23.481,-68.315,"CHL",["lithium","potash"],[276,132,4],"producing",7,0],["salar-del-hombre-muerto-fenix-arg","m","Salar del Hombre Muerto (Fenix)",null,null,-25.391,-67.108,"ARG",["lithium"],[10,4],"producing",5,0],["san-rafael-per","m","San Rafael",null,null,-14.233,-70.321,"PER",["tin"],[4,277],"producing",4,0],["sangdong-kor","m","Sangdong",1916,1994,37.111,128.809,"KOR",["tungsten"],[247,4,278],"development",6,0],["sar-e-sang-afg","m","Sar-e-Sang lapis lazuli mines",-3000,null,36.21,70.793,"AFG",["lapis-lazuli"],[279],"",5,0],["schwaz-falkenstein-aut","m","Schwaz silver mines (Falkenstein)",1420,1957,47.345,11.708,"AUT",["silver","copper"],[280,281,282,283],"heritage",5,0],["serra-pelada-bra","m","Serra Pelada",null,null,-5.944,-49.665,"BRA",["gold"],[284],"closed",4,0],["shinkolobwe-cod","m","Shinkolobwe",1937,2004,-11.068,26.627,"COD",["uranium","cobalt"],[285,286],"closed",11,0],["shizhuyuan-chn","m","Shizhuyuan",null,null,25.717,113.167,"CHN",["tungsten","bismuth","tin","fluorspar"],[4,287],"producing",5,0],["sierrita-usa","m","Sierrita",1959,null,31.876,-111.101,"USA",["copper","molybdenum"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["silver-peak-usa","m","Silver Peak",1966,null,37.752,-117.639,"USA",["lithium"],[132,288,4],"producing",11,0],["sons-of-gwalia-aus","m","Sons of Gwalia",null,1963,-28.913,121.33,"AUS",["gold"],[289,83,290],"",10,0],["sorowako-idn","m","Sorowako",null,null,-2.569,121.38,"IDN",["nickel"],[291,4],"producing",7,0],["south-crofty-gbr","m","South Crofty mine",null,1998,50.223,-5.275,"GBR",["tin","copper"],[292,293],"closed",13,0],["spiennes-flint-mines-bel","m","Spiennes Neolithic flint mines",-4400,-2500,50.42,3.983,"BEL",["flint"],[294,295],"heritage",4,0],["st-ives-aus","m","St Ives",null,null,null,null,"AUS",["gold"],[0,1],"producing",6,0],["stibnite-usa","m","Stibnite",null,null,44.898,-115.339,"USA",["antimony","gold","tungsten"],[296,297,298],"closed",5,0],["sudbury-integrated-nickel-operations-fraser-can","m","Sudbury Integrated Nickel Operations - Fraser",null,null,46.661,-81.344,"CAN",["nickel"],[57,4],"",6,0],["sudbury-integrated-nickel-operations-raglan-can","m","Raglan",null,null,61.687,-73.682,"CAN",["nickel","cobalt","copper"],[181,45],"producing",5,0],["sullivan-can","m","Sullivan Mine",1892,2001,49.688,-115.989,"CAN",["lead","zinc","silver"],[299,300],"closed",8,0],["sutters-mill-coloma-usa","m","Sutter's Mill (Coloma)",1848,null,38.803,-120.892,"USA",["gold"],[301,302],"heritage",11,0],["tanco-can","m","Tanco",null,null,50.433,-95.45,"CAN",["tantalum","caesium","lithium"],[4],"producing",6,0],["tarnowskie-gory-pol","m","Tarnowskie Gory lead-silver-zinc mine",null,null,50.443,18.851,"POL",["lead","silver","zinc"],[303,304],"heritage",10,0],["tautona-zaf","m","TauTona",null,2017,-26.415,27.431,"ZAF",["gold"],[178,226,4],"closed",6,0],["telfer-aus","m","Telfer",null,null,-21.73,122.214,"AUS",["gold","copper","silver"],[1,45],"producing",3,0],["tenke-fungurume-cod","m","Tenke Fungurume (TFM)",null,null,-10.564,26.187,"COD",["cobalt","copper"],[231,4],"producing",5,0],["thacker-pass-usa","m","Thacker Pass",null,null,41.703,-118.07,"USA",["lithium"],[305,306],"development",4,0],["timna-valley-isr","m","Timna Valley",-1300,null,29.788,34.989,"ISR",["copper"],[307,308],"heritage",6,0],["tonglushan-chn","m","Tonglushan copper mine",null,null,30.08,114.947,"CHN",["copper"],[309,310],"heritage",4,0],["toquepala-per","m","Toquepala",1960,null,-17.253,-70.604,"PER",["copper","molybdenum","silver"],[91,311,45],"producing",5,0],["tropicana-aus","m","Tropicana",2013,null,-29.24,124.54,"AUS",["gold"],[178,4,312,1],"producing",5,0],["tsumeb-mine-nam","m","Tsumeb mine",1907,null,-19.227,17.727,"NAM",["copper","lead","zinc"],[313],"",5,0],["tyrone-usa","m","Tyrone",1967,null,32.644,-108.368,"USA",["copper"],[12,4],"producing",5,0],["udachny-rus","m","Udachnaya pipe (Udachny mine)",1955,null,66.4,112.3,"RUS",["diamonds"],[209,314,176,315],"producing",7,0],["uis-nam","m","Uis",null,null,-21.217,14.881,"NAM",["tin","tantalum"],[316,147,317],"producing",6,0],["valenciana-guanajuato-mex","m","Valenciana Mine (Guanajuato)",1548,null,21.044,-101.258,"MEX",["silver","gold"],[318,319],"producing",12,0],["venetia-zaf","m","Venetia",null,null,-22.434,29.314,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[80,320],"producing",7,0],["voiseys-bay-can","m","Voisey's Bay",2005,null,56.335,-62.103,"CAN",["nickel","copper","cobalt"],[87,181,321],"producing",7,0],["wadi-faynan-jor","m","Wadi Faynan (Khirbat Faynan)",-1000,null,30.628,35.494,"JOR",["copper"],[322,323],"heritage",5,0],["weda-bay-idn","m","Weda Bay",null,null,null,null,"IDN",["nickel"],[291,4,324],"producing",6,0],["wheal-jane-gbr","m","Wheal Jane",null,null,50.242,-5.126,"GBR",["tin"],[325],"closed",9,0],["wieliczka-pol","m","Wieliczka Salt Mine",1290,1996,49.983,20.056,"POL",["salt"],[326,327],"heritage",6,0],["windimurra-aus","m","Windimurra",null,null,-28.355,118.84,"AUS",["vanadium"],[34,4],"producing",4,0],["wittenoom-aus","m","Wittenoom (Colonial Mine)",1933,1966,-22.24,118.335,"AUS",["asbestos"],[328,329,330],"closed",10,0],["witwatersrand-early-mines-zaf","m","Witwatersrand main reef mines, 1886 to 1887",1886,null,-26.204,28.047,"ZAF",["gold"],[331],"",19,0],["wodgina-aus","m","Wodgina",null,null,-21.176,118.677,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[132,4,332,1],"producing",8,0],["xikuangshan-chn","m","Xikuangshan",null,null,27.783,111.483,"CHN",["antimony"],[4,333],"producing",4,0],["yanacocha-per","m","Yanacocha",null,null,-6.973,-78.498,"PER",["gold","silver"],[3,4],"producing",5,0],["zacatecas-silver-mex","m","Zacatecas silver mines",1546,null,22.772,-102.575,"MEX",["silver"],[334,335],"heritage",7,0],["zawar-mines-ind","m","Zawar zinc mines",null,null,null,null,"IND",["zinc","lead"],[336],"producing",5,0],["zollverein-deu","m","Zollverein Coal Mine",1851,1986,51.486,7.044,"DEU",["coal"],[337,338,339],"heritage",4,0],["event-1564-huancavelica-mercury-mining","e","Mercury mining begins at Huancavelica",1564,null,-12.785,-74.971,"PER",["silver"],[340,341],"discovery",5,0],["event-1570-potosi-mercury-amalgamation","e","Mercury amalgamation adopted for Potosi silver",1570,null,-19.589,-65.753,"BOL",["silver"],[340,342],"invention",8,0],["event-1842-mines-and-collieries-act","e","Mines and Collieries Act 1842",1842,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",["coal"],[343,344],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1848-california-gold-discovery","e","James Marshall finds gold at Sutter's sawmill",1848,null,38.8,-120.889,"USA",["gold"],[345,346,347],"discovery",9,0],["event-1849-california-gold-rush","e","California gold rush",1848,1855,38.803,-120.894,"USA",["gold"],[345,346,348,349],"rush",10,0],["event-1851-nsw-ophir-gold-rush","e","Bathurst and Ophir gold rush",1851,null,-33.128,149.243,"AUS",["gold"],[350,351],"rush",8,0],["event-1851-victoria-gold-rush","e","Victorian gold rush",1851,null,-37.561,143.847,"AUS",["gold"],[352,350,353],"rush",13,0],["event-1854-eureka-stockade","e","Eureka Stockade",1854,null,-37.565,143.884,"AUS",["gold"],[354,355],"strike_or_conflict",5,{"d":28}],["event-1856-bessemer-process","e","Bessemer announces his steelmaking process",1856,null,51.897,-2.078,"GBR",["iron-ore"],[356,357],"invention",6,0],["event-1858-colorado-gold-rush","e","Pikes Peak (Colorado) gold rush",1858,1859,39.739,-104.985,"USA",["gold"],[358,359],"rush",4,0],["event-1858-fraser-river-gold-rush","e","Fraser River gold rush",1858,null,49.168,-122.572,"CAN",["gold"],[360,361,362],"rush",8,0],["event-1858-gold-discovery-ballarat-welcome-nugget","e","Welcome Nugget found at Ballarat",1858,null,-37.561,143.847,"AUS",["gold"],[350,353],"record",9,0],["event-1859-comstock-lode-discovery","e","Comstock Lode strikes",1859,null,39.304,-119.65,"USA",["silver","gold"],[363,364,365],"discovery",9,0],["event-1861-otago-gold-rush","e","Otago gold rush",1861,null,-45.881,169.682,"NZL",["gold"],[366,367],"rush",6,0],["event-1869-welcome-stranger-nugget","e","Welcome Stranger nugget found",1869,null,-36.751,143.663,"AUS",["gold"],[350,368],"record",6,0],["event-1871-kimberley-diamond-rush","e","Kimberley diamond rush",1871,null,-28.738,24.764,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[369,370],"rush",8,0],["event-1872-general-mining-law","e","General Mining Law of 1872",1872,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["gold","silver","copper"],[371,372],"law_or_policy",7,0],["event-1872-holtermann-reef-gold","e","Holtermann reef gold specimen unearthed",1872,null,-33.032,149.418,"AUS",["gold"],[373,374],"record",5,0],["event-1873-pilgrims-rest-gold","e","Alluvial gold found at Pilgrim's Rest",1873,null,-24.908,30.757,"ZAF",["gold"],[375,376],"discovery",7,0],["event-1873-rio-tinto-company-formed","e","Rio Tinto Company registered in London",1873,null,37.695,-6.594,"ESP",["copper"],[377,378],"company_founding",7,0],["event-1874-black-hills-gold-rush","e","Black Hills gold rush",1874,null,44.356,-103.764,"USA",["gold"],[379,380],"rush",8,0],["event-1877-tombstone-silver-strike","e","Schieffelin finds silver at Tombstone",1877,null,31.716,-110.065,"USA",["silver"],[381,382],"rush",6,0],["event-1878-leadville-silver-boom","e","Leadville silver boom",1878,null,39.247,-106.292,"USA",["silver","lead"],[383,384],"rush",11,0],["event-1882-mount-morgan-founded","e","Mount Morgan gold mining begins",1882,null,-23.641,150.375,"AUS",["gold","copper"],[385,386],"discovery",5,0],["event-1883-broken-hill-discovery","e","Charles Rasp finds the Broken Hill orebody",1883,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[387,388],"discovery",7,0],["event-1883-sudbury-discovery","e","Copper-bearing rock found during Canadian Pacific Railway works at Sudbury",1883,null,46.49,-81.01,"CAN",["nickel","copper"],[389,390],"discovery",9,0],["event-1884-barberton-gold-rush","e","Barberton gold rush",1884,null,-25.786,31.053,"ZAF",["gold"],[391,392],"rush",6,0],["event-1885-bhp-founded","e","Broken Hill Proprietary Company formed",1885,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[387,388],"company_founding",10,0],["event-1885-halls-creek-gold","e","Gold found in the Kimberley (Halls Creek)",1885,null,-18.23,127.67,"AUS",["gold"],[393,394],"discovery",5,0],["event-1886-hall-heroult","e","Hall and Heroult invent electrolytic aluminium smelting",1886,null,41.288,-82.217,"USA",["aluminium"],[395,396],"invention",7,0],["event-1886-witwatersrand-gold-discovery","e","Gold found on the Witwatersrand",1886,null,-26.204,28.042,"ZAF",["gold"],[397,398],"discovery",11,0],["event-1886-witwatersrand-gold-rush","e","Witwatersrand gold rush",1886,null,-25.786,27.848,"ZAF",["gold"],[352,397,399],"rush",7,0],["event-1887-bulli-colliery-explosion","e","Bulli Colliery explosion",1887,null,-34.329,150.902,"AUS",["coal"],[400,401],"disaster",7,{"d":81}],["event-1887-cyanide-process","e","Cyanide process for gold developed in Scotland",1887,null,57.0,-5.0,"GBR",["gold"],[402,403,404],"invention",9,0],["event-1888-de-beers-consolidated-founded","e","De Beers Consolidated Mines founded",1888,null,-28.738,24.764,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[405,370],"company_founding",10,0],["event-1888-greenbushes-tin","e","Tin mining starts at Greenbushes",1888,null,-33.85,116.058,"AUS",["tin"],[406,407,408],"discovery",8,0],["event-1889-hamilton-colliery-roof-fall","e","Hamilton Colliery roof fall at Glebe",1889,1889,-32.948,151.751,"AUS",["coal"],[409,410],"disaster",6,{"d":11}],["event-1890-cripple-creek-gold","e","Cripple Creek gold rush",1890,null,38.747,-105.179,"USA",["gold"],[411,412],"rush",9,0],["event-1890-lkab-founded","e","LKAB founded",1890,null,67.85,20.193,"SWE",["iron-ore"],[413,414],"company_founding",9,0],["event-1892-coolgardie-gold-discovery","e","Bayley and Ford find gold at Coolgardie",1892,null,-30.953,121.164,"AUS",["gold"],[393,415,352,416],"discovery",10,0],["event-1893-kalgoorlie-gold-discovery","e","Hannan finds gold at Kalgoorlie",1893,null,-30.749,121.466,"AUS",["gold"],[393,352,417],"rush",13,0],["event-1895-south-broken-hill-airblast","e","South Broken Hill silver mine airblast",1895,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[418,388],"disaster",7,{"d":9}],["event-1896-klondike-gold-discovery","e","Gold found on Rabbit (Bonanza) Creek",1896,null,64.042,-139.422,"CAN",["gold"],[419,420,421],"discovery",12,0],["event-1897-ashanti-goldfields-listed","e","Ashanti Goldfields listed and Obuasi opened",1897,null,6.2,-1.683,"GHA",["gold"],[422,423],"company_founding",6,0],["event-1897-klondike-gold-rush","e","Klondike gold rush",1897,1900,64.061,-139.432,"CAN",["gold"],[424,352,425],"rush",17,0],["event-1898-dudley-colliery-explosion","e","Dudley Colliery explosion",1898,null,-32.99,151.718,"AUS",["coal"],[426,427],"disaster",7,{"d":15}],["event-1898-nome-gold-rush","e","Nome gold rush",1898,1907,64.49,-165.413,"USA",["gold"],[428,429],"rush",5,0],["event-1900-balmain-colliery-winder-accident","e","Balmain Colliery shaft bucket accident",1900,null,-33.848,151.168,"AUS",["coal"],[430,431],"disaster",5,{"d":5}],["event-1900-greta-colliery-fire","e","Greta Colliery fire",1900,1900,-32.687,151.384,"AUS",["coal"],[432,433],"disaster",6,{"d":5}],["event-1901-broken-hill-south-rockfall","e","Broken Hill South Mine rock fall",1901,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[434,388],"disaster",7,{"d":6}],["event-1902-broken-hill-central-falls","e","Broken Hill Central Mine falls of earth",1902,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",["silver","lead","zinc"],[435,388],"disaster",6,{"d":2}],["event-1902-mount-kembla-explosion","e","Mount Kembla coal mine explosion",1902,null,-34.427,150.826,"AUS",[],[436,437],"disaster",6,{"d":96}],["event-1903-cobalt-silver-rush","e","Cobalt silver rush",1903,null,47.4,-79.683,"CAN",["silver","cobalt"],[438,439],"rush",7,0],["event-1903-goldfields-water-scheme-opens","e","Goldfields Water Supply Scheme opens",1903,null,-31.957,116.165,"AUS",["gold"],[440,441,442],"invention",6,0],["event-1905-cullinan-diamond-found","e","Cullinan diamond found",1905,null,-25.673,28.521,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[443,444],"record",4,0],["event-1905-stanford-merthyr-fire-explosion","e","Stanford Merthyr fire and explosions",1905,null,-32.814,151.481,"AUS",["coal"],[445,446],"disaster",6,{"d":6}],["event-1906-courrieres","e","Courrieres coal mine disaster",1906,null,50.458,2.947,"FRA",["coal"],[447,448],"disaster",7,{"d":1099}],["event-1906-union-miniere-founded","e","Union Miniere du Haut Katanga created",1906,null,-11.664,27.483,"COD",["copper","cobalt"],[449,450],"company_founding",11,0],["event-1907-darr-mine-explosion","e","Darr mine explosion",1907,null,40.128,-79.75,"USA",[],[451,452],"disaster",3,{"d":239}],["event-1907-monongah","e","Monongah mine explosion",1907,null,39.462,-80.218,"USA",["coal"],[453,454,455],"disaster",10,{"d":361}],["event-1907-santa-maria-iquique","e","Santa Maria School massacre, Iquique",1907,null,-20.214,-70.152,"CHL",[],[456,457],"strike_or_conflict",5,0],["event-1907-us-coal-fatalities-peak","e","Peak year for US coal mining deaths",1907,null,39.828,-98.579,"USA",["coal"],[454,458],"record",6,{"d":3242}],["event-1909-cherry-mine-fire","e","Cherry mine fire",1909,null,41.427,-89.213,"USA",[],[459,460,461],"disaster",4,{"d":259}],["event-1911-coal-mines-act","e","Coal Mines Act 1911",1911,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",["coal"],[462,344],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1913-haber-bosch-online","e","Haber-Bosch process comes online",1913,null,51.0,10.0,"DEU",["nitrate"],[463,464],"invention",4,0],["event-1913-senghenydd","e","Senghenydd colliery disaster",1913,null,51.608,-3.277,"GBR",["coal"],[465,466,467],"disaster",10,{"d":439}],["event-1913-stag-canon-explosion","e","Stag Canon No. 2 mine explosion",1913,null,36.664,-104.775,"USA",[],[460,451,468],"disaster",4,{"d":263}],["event-1914-kimberley-big-hole-closed","e","Kimberley Big Hole stops work",1914,null,-28.738,24.764,"ZAF",["diamonds"],[469,470,370],"closure",5,0],["event-1914-ludlow-massacre","e","Ludlow Massacre",1914,null,37.333,-104.583,"USA",["coal"],[471,472],"strike_or_conflict",8,{"d":21}],["event-1917-anglo-american-founded","e","Anglo American founded",1917,null,-26.204,28.042,"ZAF",["gold","diamonds"],[473,398],"company_founding",12,0],["event-1917-granite-mountain-fire","e","Granite Mountain shaft fire at Butte",1917,null,46.006,-112.53,"USA",["copper"],[460,474],"disaster",8,{"d":163}],["event-1920-mineral-leasing-act","e","Mineral Leasing Act",1920,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["coal","phosphate"],[475,372],"law_or_policy",6,0],["event-1921-blair-mountain","e","Battle of Blair Mountain",1921,1921,37.83,-81.94,"USA",["coal"],[476,477],"strike_or_conflict",7,0],["event-1927-bayan-obo-discovery","e","Bayan Obo iron deposit found",1927,null,41.768,109.966,"CHN",["iron-ore","rare-earths","niobium"],[478,479],"discovery",6,0],["event-1930-hawks-nest-tunnel","e","Hawks Nest Tunnel silicosis disaster",1930,null,38.168,-81.197,"USA",["silica-sand"],[480,481],"disaster",3,{"d":764}],["event-1934-gold-reserve-act","e","Gold Reserve Act signed",1934,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["gold"],[482,372],"law_or_policy",3,0],["event-1934-gresford","e","Gresford colliery explosion",1934,null,53.087,-2.966,"GBR",["coal"],[483,484],"disaster",4,{"d":265}],["event-1935-norilsk-founded","e","Construction of Norilsk combine begins",1935,null,69.333,88.217,"RUS",["nickel","pgm","copper"],[485,486,487],"company_founding",10,0],["event-1938-iron-ore-export-embargo","e","Commonwealth bans iron ore exports",1938,1960,-35.293,149.127,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[488,489],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1942-benxihu-colliery","e","Benxihu colliery explosion",1942,null,41.328,123.774,"CHN",[],[490,491,492],"disaster",4,{"d":1549}],["event-1942-shinkolobwe-uranium-to-manhattan-project","e","Congo uranium ore bought for the Manhattan Project",1942,null,-11.055,26.547,"COD",["uranium"],[493,494,495],"law_or_policy",8,0],["event-1944-bretton-woods-conference","e","Bretton Woods conference",1944,null,44.254,-71.448,"USA",["gold"],[496,497,498],"law_or_policy",5,0],["event-1946-african-mine-workers-strike","e","African mine workers' strike on the Witwatersrand",1946,1946,-25.786,27.848,"ZAF",["gold"],[499,500,399],"strike_or_conflict",7,{"d":9}],["event-1947-centralia-no-5-explosion","e","Centralia No. 5 mine explosion",1947,null,38.525,-89.132,"USA",[],[460,451,501],"disaster",4,{"d":111}],["event-1947-materials-act","e","Materials Act",1947,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["aggregates"],[475,372],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1951-orient-no-2-explosion","e","Orient No. 2 mine explosion",1951,null,37.899,-88.923,"USA",[],[460,451,502],"disaster",4,{"d":119}],["event-1952-bolivia-tin-nationalisation","e","Bolivia nationalises the tin mines",1952,null,-16.496,-68.133,"BOL",["tin"],[503,504,505],"nationalisation",9,0],["event-1952-hancock-pilbara-iron-ore","e","Lang Hancock spots iron ore in the Hamersley Range",1952,null,-21.883,116.767,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[506,488,507],"discovery",6,0],["event-1955-mir-pipe-discovery","e","Mir kimberlite pipe found in Yakutia",1955,null,62.526,113.984,"RUS",["diamonds"],[508,509],"discovery",5,0],["event-1956-marcinelle","e","Bois du Cazier fire at Marcinelle",1956,null,50.381,4.443,"BEL",[],[510,511,512,513],"disaster",5,{"d":262}],["event-1960-coalbrook-disaster","e","Coalbrook colliery collapse",1960,null,-26.853,27.879,"ZAF",[],[514,515],"disaster",3,{"d":437}],["event-1960-iron-ore-embargo-lifted","e","Iron ore export embargo lifted",1960,null,-35.293,149.127,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[506,488,489],"law_or_policy",8,0],["event-1961-london-gold-pool","e","London Gold Pool formed",1961,1968,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",["gold"],[497,344],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1966-aberfan","e","Aberfan disaster",1966,null,51.692,-3.346,"GBR",["coal"],[516,517,518],"disaster",13,{"d":144}],["event-1966-clayton-valley-lithium-brine","e","Lithium brine production begins at Clayton Valley",1966,null,37.755,-117.635,"USA",["lithium"],[519,520],"invention",6,0],["event-1966-kambalda-nickel","e","Nickel sulphides found at Kambalda",1966,null,-31.208,121.643,"AUS",["nickel"],[521,522],"discovery",8,0],["event-1966-wittenoom-mining-ends","e","Asbestos mining at Wittenoom ends",1966,null,-22.24,118.335,"AUS",[],[523,524,525],"closure",7,0],["event-1967-gecamines-nationalisation","e","Union Miniere nationalised as Gecamines",1967,null,-11.664,27.483,"COD",["copper","cobalt"],[449,450],"nationalisation",8,0],["event-1967-orapa-kimberlite-discovery","e","De Beers finds the Orapa kimberlite",1967,null,-21.307,25.37,"BWA",["diamonds"],[526,527],"discovery",5,0],["event-1968-farmington-no-9-explosion","e","Consol No. 9 mine explosion at Farmington",1968,null,39.513,-80.252,"USA",[],[460,451,528],"disaster",7,{"d":78}],["event-1969-debswana-formed","e","De Beers Botswana Mining Company formed",1969,null,-24.657,25.909,"BWA",["diamonds"],[526,529],"company_founding",5,0],["event-1969-mines-and-quarries-tips-act","e","Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969",1969,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",["coal"],[530,344],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1969-poseidon-bubble","e","Poseidon nickel share boom",1969,1970,-28.628,122.403,"AUS",["nickel"],[531,532],"price_shock",7,0],["event-1969-us-coal-mine-health-and-safety-act","e","Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act signed",1969,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["coal"],[533,372],"law_or_policy",7,0],["event-1969-windarra-nickel-discovery","e","Windarra and Mount Keith nickel found",1969,null,-28.628,122.403,"AUS",["nickel"],[521,532],"discovery",9,0],["event-1969-zambia-takes-51-percent-of-copper-mines","e","Zambia takes 51 percent of the copper mines",1969,null,-13.0,28.0,"ZMB",["copper","cobalt"],[534,535,536],"nationalisation",6,0],["event-1970-mining-and-minerals-policy-act","e","Mining and Minerals Policy Act",1970,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",[],[475,372],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-1971-chile-copper-nationalisation","e","Chile nationalises large copper mining",1971,null,-33.438,-70.65,"CHL",["copper"],[537,538,539,540],"nationalisation",5,0],["event-1971-jwaneng-kimberlite-discovery","e","Kimberlite pipes found at Jwaneng",1971,null,-24.523,24.702,"BWA",["diamonds"],[526,541],"discovery",5,0],["event-1971-nixon-gold-window","e","Nixon ends dollar convertibility into gold",1971,null,38.895,-77.037,"USA",["gold"],[542,372],"law_or_policy",5,0],["event-1971-orapa-mine-opened","e","Orapa mine officially opened",1971,null,-21.307,25.37,"BWA",["diamonds"],[526,527],"company_founding",7,0],["event-1972-sunshine-mine-fire","e","Sunshine silver mine fire",1972,null,47.515,-116.066,"USA",["silver"],[460,543],"disaster",4,{"d":91}],["event-1974-glencore-founded","e","Marc Rich + Co AG established",1974,null,47.196,8.526,"CHE",[],[544,545],"company_founding",4,0],["event-1975-olympic-dam-discovery","e","Olympic Dam drill hole RD1",1975,null,-30.444,136.867,"AUS",["copper","uranium"],[546,547],"discovery",5,0],["event-1976-scotia-mine-explosions","e","Scotia mine explosions",1976,1976,37.12,-82.85,"USA",[],[460,451,548],"disaster",4,{"d":26}],["event-1978-shaba-cobalt-shock","e","Shaba invasions trigger a cobalt market panic",1978,null,-10.717,25.467,"COD",["cobalt"],[549,550,551],"price_shock",7,0],["event-1979-argyle-discovery","e","Argyle diamond pipe AK1 found",1979,null,-16.712,128.398,"AUS",["diamonds"],[552,553,554],"discovery",5,0],["event-1980-silver-squeeze","e","Silver price collapse after the Hunt silver squeeze",1980,null,40.713,-74.006,"USA",["silver"],[555,556],"price_shock",4,0],["event-1981-escondida-discovery","e","Escondida porphyry copper found",1981,null,-24.27,-69.07,"CHL",["copper"],[557,558],"discovery",4,0],["event-1982-zccm-formed","e","Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines formed",1982,null,-13.0,28.0,"ZMB",["copper","cobalt"],[535,536],"merger",5,0],["event-1983-greenbushes-lithium","e","Greenbushes lithium production begins",1983,null,-33.85,116.058,"AUS",["lithium","tantalum"],[406,407,559,408],"company_founding",8,0],["event-1984-wilberg-mine-fire","e","Wilberg mine fire",1984,null,39.227,-111.056,"USA",[],[460,560],"disaster",4,{"d":27}],["event-1985-tin-crisis","e","International Tin Council collapse",1985,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",["tin"],[561,562,344],"price_shock",5,0],["event-1989-panguna-closure","e","Panguna mine halted",1989,null,-6.315,155.495,"PNG",["copper","gold"],[563,564],"closure",6,0],["event-1991-lac-de-gras-diamonds","e","Diamonds found at Lac de Gras",1991,null,64.5,-110.517,"CAN",["diamonds"],[565,566],"discovery",7,0],["event-1991-south-bulli-colliery-outburst","e","South Bulli Colliery gas outburst",1991,null,-34.329,150.902,"AUS",["coal"],[567,401],"disaster",3,{"d":3}],["event-1992-giant-mine-explosion","e","Giant Mine strike explosion",1992,null,62.5,-114.359,"CAN",["gold"],[568,569],"strike_or_conflict",6,{"d":9}],["event-1992-summitville","e","Summitville mine environmental crisis",1992,1993,37.436,-106.598,"USA",["gold"],[570,571],"environmental",4,0],["event-1992-westray","e","Westray mine explosion",1992,null,45.554,-62.646,"CAN",["coal"],[572,573],"disaster",4,{"d":26}],["event-1995-rtz-cra-merger","e","RTZ and CRA form a dual listed group",1995,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",[],[377,344],"merger",4,0],["event-1996-gretley-colliery-inrush","e","Gretley Colliery inrush",1996,null,-32.917,151.75,"AUS",["coal"],[574,575],"disaster",4,{"d":4}],["event-1999-giant-mine-receivership","e","Giant Mine passes to the federal government",1999,null,62.5,-114.359,"CAN",["gold","arsenic"],[568,576,569],"closure",7,0],["event-1999-northparkes-airblast","e","Northparkes block cave air blast",1999,null,-33.095,148.263,"AUS",["copper","gold"],[577,578],"disaster",4,{"d":4}],["event-2000-baia-mare","e","Baia Mare cyanide spill",2000,null,47.657,23.572,"ROU",["gold"],[579,580],"environmental",4,0],["event-2000-drc-cobalt-boom","e","DRC cobalt boom",2000,2020,-10.717,25.467,"COD",["cobalt","copper"],[581,582,551],"rush",11,0],["event-2001-sullivan-mine-closed","e","Sullivan mine closes",2001,null,49.688,-115.989,"CAN",["lead","zinc","silver"],[583,584],"closure",6,0],["event-2002-berkeley-pit-settlement","e","Berkeley Pit cleanup settlement",2002,null,46.017,-112.51,"USA",["copper"],[585,586],"environmental",8,0],["event-2002-bhp-leaves-ok-tedi","e","BHP leaves Ok Tedi after river damage claims",2002,null,-5.211,141.139,"PNG",["copper","gold"],[587,588],"environmental",6,0],["event-2002-mountain-pass-mining-halts","e","Mountain Pass mining stops",2002,null,35.479,-115.532,"USA",["rare-earths"],[589,590],"closure",5,0],["event-2003-kimberley-process-starts","e","Kimberley Process Certification Scheme comes into force",2003,null,46.687,7.865,"CHE",["diamonds"],[591,592],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-2004-kiruna-relocation-announced","e","Kiruna relocation announced",2004,null,67.849,20.303,"SWE",["iron-ore"],[593,413,594],"environmental",7,0],["event-2006-sago-mine-explosion","e","Sago mine explosion",2006,null,38.914,-80.23,"USA",[],[460,595],"disaster",3,{"d":12}],["event-2007-wittenoom-degazetted","e","Wittenoom removed from official maps",2007,null,-22.24,118.335,"AUS",[],[524,525],"closure",5,0],["event-2010-china-rare-earth-export-quota-cut","e","China cuts rare earth export quota",2010,null,39.904,116.408,"CHN",["rare-earths"],[596,589,597],"law_or_policy",6,0],["event-2010-copiapo-mine-rescue","e","Copiapo San Jose mine collapse and rescue",2010,2010,-27.16,-70.497,"CHL",["copper","gold"],[598,599,600],"disaster",7,0],["event-2010-pike-river","e","Pike River coal mine explosion",2010,null,-42.205,171.482,"NZL",["coal"],[601,602],"disaster",4,{"d":29}],["event-2010-upper-big-branch","e","Upper Big Branch mine explosion",2010,null,37.914,-81.536,"USA",["coal"],[603,604],"disaster",5,{"d":29}],["event-2011-glencore-listing","e","Glencore lists in London",2011,null,51.507,-0.128,"GBR",[],[544,344],"company_founding",5,0],["event-2011-lynas-mount-weld-production","e","Lynas starts Mount Weld concentrate production",2011,null,-28.86,122.548,"AUS",["rare-earths"],[589,605],"company_founding",6,0],["event-2012-china-rare-earth-wto-dispute","e","WTO dispute over China's rare earth export restrictions",2012,null,46.2,6.15,"CHN",["rare-earths","tungsten","molybdenum"],[606,607],"law_or_policy",5,0],["event-2012-marikana","e","Marikana killings",2012,null,-25.698,27.472,"ZAF",["pgm"],[608,609],"strike_or_conflict",5,{"d":34}],["event-2012-molycorp-mountain-pass-restart","e","Molycorp commissions new Mountain Pass operations",2012,null,35.479,-115.532,"USA",["rare-earths"],[589,590],"company_founding",5,0],["event-2013-bingham-canyon-landslide","e","Manefay landslides at Bingham Canyon",2013,null,40.522,-112.149,"USA",["copper"],[610,611],"disaster",6,0],["event-2013-glencore-xstrata-merger","e","Glencore completes merger with Xstrata",2013,null,47.196,8.526,"CHE",["copper","coal"],[544,545],"merger",7,0],["event-2014-mount-polley","e","Mount Polley tailings dam breach",2014,null,52.519,-121.601,"CAN",["copper","gold"],[612,613],"disaster",5,0],["event-2014-soma","e","Soma coal mine disaster",2014,null,39.183,27.606,"TUR",["coal"],[614,615],"disaster",3,{"d":301}],["event-2015-mariana-dam-collapse","e","Fundao tailings dam collapse at Mariana",2015,null,-20.232,-43.418,"BRA",["iron-ore"],[616,617,618],"disaster",6,{"d":19}],["event-2016-lithium-boom","e","2016 to 2023 lithium boom",2016,2023,-21.0,119.0,"AUS",["lithium"],[619,620,559,621],"rush",6,0],["event-2019-brumadinho","e","Brumadinho dam collapse",2019,null,-20.143,-44.2,"BRA",["iron-ore"],[622,623],"disaster",4,{"d":270}],["event-2020-argyle-closure","e","Argyle diamond mine ends mining",2020,null,-16.712,128.398,"AUS",["diamonds"],[552,554],"closure",5,0],["event-2020-hpakant-landslide","e","Hpakant jade mine landslide",2020,null,25.613,96.311,"MMR",["jade"],[624,625],"disaster",4,{"d":174}],["event-2020-indonesia-nickel-ore-export-ban","e","Indonesia bans nickel ore exports",2020,null,-6.175,106.827,"IDN",["nickel"],[626,627,628,629],"law_or_policy",4,0],["event-2020-juukan-gorge-destruction","e","Juukan Gorge rock shelters destroyed",2020,null,-22.617,117.158,"AUS",["iron-ore"],[630,631,632,633],"environmental",4,0],["event-2022-leo-lithium-ipo","e","Leo Lithium lists on the ASX",2022,null,-31.956,115.86,"AUS",["lithium"],[634,635],"company_founding",3,0],["event-2022-lithium-price-peak","e","Lithium prices peak",2022,2023,-21.0,119.0,"AUS",["lithium"],[636,620,621],"price_shock",6,0],["event-2022-wodgina-restart","e","Wodgina lithium mine restarts",2022,null,-21.181,118.675,"AUS",["lithium"],[559,637],"company_founding",7,0],["event-2023-china-gallium-germanium-controls","e","China begins export controls on gallium and germanium",2023,null,39.904,116.408,"CHN",["gallium","germanium"],[638,597],"law_or_policy",4,0],["place-aberfan-gbr","l","Aberfan",null,null,51.692,-3.346,"GBR",[],[639],"boom_town",8,0],["place-almaden-esp","l","Almaden",null,null,38.767,-4.817,"ESP",[],[640,641],"boom_town",4,0],["place-antofagasta-chl","l","Antofagasta",1868,null,-23.646,-70.398,"CHL",[],[642],"port",7,0],["place-arrowtown-nzl","l","Arrowtown",null,null,-44.943,168.836,"NZL",[],[643],"boom_town",4,0],["place-ballarat-aus","l","Ballarat",1838,null,-37.561,143.847,"AUS",[],[644],"boom_town",10,0],["place-banska-stiavnica-svk","l","Banska 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Hill",1883,null,-31.965,141.451,"AUS",[],[655],"boom_town",12,0],["place-burra-aus","l","Burra",null,null,-33.667,138.933,"AUS",[],[656],"boom_town",4,0],["place-butte-usa","l","Butte",1864,null,46.006,-112.53,"USA",[],[657],"boom_town",14,0],["place-calico-usa","l","Calico",null,null,34.949,-116.864,"USA",[],[658],"ghost_town",4,0],["place-callao-per","l","Callao",1537,null,-12.052,-77.139,"PER",[],[659],"port",6,0],["place-cartagena-de-indias-col","l","Cartagena de Indias",1533,null,10.424,-75.525,"COL",[],[660],"port",3,0],["place-centralia-pa-usa","l","Centralia",1841,null,40.803,-76.342,"USA",[],[661],"ghost_town",3,0],["place-cerro-de-pasco-per","l","Cerro de Pasco",1578,null,-10.686,-76.263,"PER",[],[662],"boom_town",3,0],["place-charters-towers-aus","l","Charters 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Creek",null,null,38.747,-105.179,"USA",[],[671],"boom_town",7,0],["place-cue-aus","l","Cue",null,null,-27.421,117.896,"AUS",[],[672],"boom_town",6,0],["place-dampier-aus","l","Dampier",null,null,-20.66,116.71,"AUS",[],[673,674],"port",7,0],["place-dar-es-salaam-tza","l","Dar es Salaam",1862,null,-6.816,39.28,"TZA",[],[675],"port",5,0],["place-datong-chn","l","Datong",null,null,40.094,113.291,"CHN",[],[676],"boom_town",5,0],["place-dawson-city-can","l","Dawson City",1896,null,64.061,-139.432,"CAN",[],[677,678,679],"boom_town",13,0],["place-deadwood-usa","l","Deadwood",1876,null,44.377,-103.729,"USA",[],[680],"boom_town",7,0],["place-diamantina-bra","l","Diamantina",null,null,-18.249,-43.6,"BRA",[],[681],"boom_town",3,0],["place-durban-zaf","l","Durban",1835,null,-29.858,31.025,"ZAF",[],[682],"port",4,0],["place-esperance-aus","l","Esperance",null,null,-33.861,121.892,"AUS",[],[683],"port",4,0],["place-essen-zollverein-deu","l","Zollverein, 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Rammelsberg, Goslar and Upper Harz Water Management System",null,null,51.82,10.34,"DEU",[],[696,695],"heritage_site",5,0],["place-greenbushes-aus","l","Greenbushes",1889,null,-33.85,116.058,"AUS",[],[697],"boom_town",8,0],["place-guanajuato-mex","l","Guanajuato",1546,null,21.018,-101.257,"MEX",[],[698],"boom_town",4,0],["place-guanajuato-mines-mex","l","Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines",null,null,21.018,-101.257,"MEX",[],[699],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-gwalia-aus","l","Gwalia",null,null,-28.913,121.33,"AUS",[],[700],"ghost_town",5,0],["place-hotan-chn","l","Hotan",null,null,37.101,79.933,"CHN",[],[701],"trade_route_node",5,0],["place-hpakant-mmr","l","Hpakant",null,null,25.613,96.311,"MMR",[],[702],"boom_town",6,0],["place-huancavelica-per","l","Huancavelica",1571,null,-12.785,-74.971,"PER",[],[703],"boom_town",9,0],["place-humberstone-chl","l","Humberstone",2005,null,-20.208,-69.795,"CHL",[],[704,705],"ghost_town",5,0],["place-idrija-svn","l","Idrija",2012,null,46.002,14.027,"SVN",[],[706,641],"boom_town",4,0],["place-ipoh-mys","l","Ipoh",null,null,4.6,101.07,"MYS",[],[707],"boom_town",3,0],["place-iquique-chl","l","Iquique",null,null,-20.214,-70.152,"CHL",[],[708],"port",8,0],["place-ironbridge-gorge-gbr","l","Ironbridge Gorge",null,null,52.626,-2.473,"GBR",[],[709],"heritage_site",3,0],["place-iwami-ginzan-jpn","l","Iwami 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Gold Fields",null,null,13.133,78.133,"IND",[],[725],"boom_town",4,0],["place-kolmanskop-nam","l","Kolmanskop",null,null,-26.704,15.232,"NAM",[],[726],"ghost_town",4,0],["place-kolwezi-cod","l","Kolwezi",null,null,-10.715,25.467,"COD",[],[727],"boom_town",19,0],["place-kongsberg-nor","l","Kongsberg",1624,null,59.665,9.646,"NOR",[],[728],"boom_town",4,0],["place-kookynie-aus","l","Kookynie",null,null,-29.337,121.492,"AUS",[],[729],"ghost_town",3,0],["place-kuala-lumpur-mys","l","Kuala Lumpur",1857,null,3.148,101.695,"MYS",[],[730],"boom_town",5,0],["place-kutna-hora-cze","l","Kutna Hora",1995,null,49.948,15.268,"CZE",[],[731,732],"boom_town",4,0],["place-laurion-district-grc","l","Laurion mining region",null,null,37.727,24.038,"GRC",[],[733],"region",4,0],["place-laverton-aus","l","Laverton",1898,null,-28.628,122.403,"AUS",[],[734],"boom_town",10,0],["place-lavrion-grc","l","Lavrion",null,null,37.714,24.056,"GRC",[],[735],"boom_town",4,0],["place-leadville-usa","l","Leadville",1877,null,39.247,-106.292,"USA",[],[736],"boom_town",8,0],["place-leonora-aus","l","Leonora",null,null,-28.884,121.331,"AUS",[],[737],"boom_town",5,0],["place-lightning-ridge-aus","l","Lightning Ridge",null,null,-29.433,147.967,"AUS",[],[738],"boom_town",3,0],["place-likasi-cod","l","Likasi",null,null,-10.983,26.733,"COD",[],[739],"smelter_town",6,0],["place-lobito-ago","l","Lobito",1843,null,-12.35,13.546,"AGO",[],[740],"port",4,0],["place-lota-chl","l","Lota",1662,null,-37.094,-73.156,"CHL",[],[741],"ghost_town",3,0],["place-lubumbashi-cod","l","Lubumbashi",1911,null,-11.665,27.479,"COD",[],[742],"boom_town",11,0],["place-luderitz-nam","l","Luderitz",1883,null,-26.648,15.158,"NAM",[],[743],"port",5,0],["place-magadan-rus","l","Magadan",1929,null,59.567,150.8,"RUS",[],[744],"port",5,0],["place-mapungubwe-zaf","l","Mapungubwe",null,null,-22.212,29.388,"ZAF",[],[745],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-marble-bar-aus","l","Marble Bar",null,null,-21.17,119.747,"AUS",[],[746],"boom_town",3,0],["place-mary-kathleen-aus","l","Mary Kathleen",null,null,-20.783,139.983,"AUS",[],[747],"ghost_town",2,0],["place-menzies-aus","l","Menzies",null,null,-29.688,121.037,"AUS",[],[748],"boom_town",3,0],["place-minas-de-riotinto-esp","l","Minas de Riotinto",null,null,37.695,-6.594,"ESP",[],[749],"boom_town",6,0],["place-mogok-mmr","l","Mogok",null,null,22.922,96.505,"MMR",[],[750],"boom_town",5,0],["place-monongah-usa","l","Monongah",1891,null,39.462,-80.218,"USA",[],[751],"boom_town",6,0],["place-moonta-aus","l","Moonta",null,null,-34.067,137.589,"AUS",[],[752],"boom_town",4,0],["place-morowali-idn","l","Morowali",null,null,-2.819,121.861,"IDN",[],[753],"boom_town",3,0],["place-mount-isa-aus","l","Mount Isa",1923,null,-20.725,139.495,"AUS",[],[754],"boom_town",6,0],["place-mount-magnet-aus","l","Mount Magnet",null,null,-28.06,117.846,"AUS",[],[755],"boom_town",4,0],["place-muntok-idn","l","Muntok",null,null,-2.067,105.167,"IDN",[],[756],"port",4,0],["place-newman-aus","l","Newman",1966,null,-23.344,119.709,"AUS",[],[757],"boom_town",4,0],["place-nome-usa","l","Nome",1898,null,64.5,-165.4,"USA",[],[758],"boom_town",4,0],["place-norilsk-rus","l","Norilsk",1935,null,69.333,88.217,"RUS",[],[759],"smelter_town",11,0],["place-norseman-aus","l","Norseman",null,null,-32.196,121.778,"AUS",[],[760],"boom_town",3,0],["place-obuasi-gha","l","Obuasi",null,null,6.2,-1.683,"GHA",[],[761],"boom_town",6,0],["place-oruro-bol","l","Oruro",1606,null,-17.967,-67.117,"BOL",[],[762],"boom_town",6,0],["place-ouro-preto-bra","l","Ouro Preto",1711,null,-20.385,-43.504,"BRA",[],[763],"boom_town",8,0],["place-paraburdoo-aus","l","Paraburdoo",null,null,-23.201,117.671,"AUS",[],[764],"boom_town",5,0],["place-park-city-usa","l","Park City",1869,null,40.659,-111.5,"USA",[],[765],"boom_town",4,0],["place-pilgrims-rest-zaf","l","Pilgrim's Rest",null,null,-24.908,30.757,"ZAF",[],[766],"boom_town",6,0],["place-port-hedland-aus","l","Port Hedland",1896,null,-20.31,118.601,"AUS",[],[767,768,674],"port",5,0],["place-potosi-bol","l","Potosi",1545,null,-19.589,-65.753,"BOL",[],[769,770],"boom_town",14,0],["place-qingdao-chn","l","Qingdao",null,null,36.117,120.4,"CHN",[],[771],"port",5,0],["place-queenstown-tas-aus","l","Queenstown",null,null,-42.067,145.55,"AUS",[],[772],"boom_town",7,0],["place-ravensthorpe-aus","l","Ravensthorpe",null,null,-33.583,120.049,"AUS",[],[773],"boom_town",4,0],["place-redruth-gbr","l","Redruth",null,null,50.233,-5.224,"GBR",[],[774],"boom_town",8,0],["place-rhyolite-usa","l","Rhyolite",1904,null,36.904,-116.829,"USA",[],[775],"ghost_town",4,0],["place-richards-bay-zaf","l","Richards Bay",1879,null,-28.783,32.038,"ZAF",[],[776],"port",4,0],["place-rjukan-nor","l","Rjukan",2015,null,59.881,8.583,"NOR",[],[777,778],"heritage_site",3,0],["place-roebourne-aus","l","Roebourne",null,null,-20.767,117.15,"AUS",[],[779],"boom_town",3,0],["place-roros-nor","l","Roros",1980,null,62.575,11.384,"NOR",[],[780,781],"boom_town",4,0],["place-rosia-montana-rou","l","Rosia Montana Mining Landscape",null,null,46.306,23.131,"ROU",[],[782],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-sado-jpn","l","Sado Island Gold Mines",2024,null,38.041,138.258,"JPN",[],[783,784],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-san-francisco-usa","l","San Francisco",1776,null,37.775,-122.419,"USA",[],[785],"port",9,0],["place-senghenydd-gbr","l","Senghenydd",null,null,51.608,-3.277,"GBR",[],[786],"boom_town",5,0],["place-seville-esp","l","Seville",null,null,37.389,-5.995,"ESP",[],[787],"port",8,0],["place-sewell-chl","l","Sewell",2006,null,-34.085,-70.382,"CHL",[],[788,789],"ghost_town",5,0],["place-skagway-usa","l","Skagway",null,null,59.456,-135.316,"USA",[],[790],"port",4,0],["place-southern-cross-aus","l","Southern Cross",1888,null,-31.25,119.35,"AUS",[],[791,792],"boom_town",6,0],["place-st-just-gbr","l","St Just",null,null,50.124,-5.68,"GBR",[],[793],"boom_town",8,0],["place-sudbury-can","l","Greater Sudbury",1893,null,46.49,-81.01,"CAN",[],[794],"smelter_town",11,0],["place-swansea-gbr","l","Swansea",1158,null,51.617,-3.95,"GBR",[],[795],"smelter_town",8,0],["place-tarnowskie-gory-pol","l","Tarnowskie Gory Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine",null,null,50.443,18.851,"POL",[],[796],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-taxco-mex","l","Taxco",null,null,18.555,-99.606,"MEX",[],[797],"boom_town",3,0],["place-tembagapura-idn","l","Tembagapura",null,null,-4.143,137.091,"IDN",[],[798],"boom_town",5,0],["place-tianjin-chn","l","Tianjin",null,null,39.147,117.206,"CHN",[],[799],"port",5,0],["place-timbuktu-mli","l","Timbuktu",null,null,16.773,-3.007,"MLI",[],[800],"trade_route_node",3,0],["place-timmins-can","l","Timmins",1912,null,48.472,-81.331,"CAN",[],[801],"boom_town",5,0],["place-tom-price-aus","l","Tom Price",1964,null,-22.694,117.795,"AUS",[],[802,803],"boom_town",4,0],["place-tombstone-usa","l","Tombstone",1879,null,31.716,-110.065,"USA",[],[804],"boom_town",6,0],["place-tongling-chn","l","Tongling",null,null,30.946,117.811,"CHN",[],[805],"smelter_town",3,0],["place-tsumeb-nam","l","Tsumeb",1905,null,-19.25,17.717,"NAM",[],[806],"smelter_town",4,0],["place-veracruz-mex","l","Veracruz",1519,null,19.19,-96.153,"MEX",[],[807],"port",6,0],["place-virginia-city-usa","l","Virginia City",1859,null,39.31,-119.649,"USA",[],[808],"boom_town",6,0],["place-waihi-nzl","l","Waihi",null,null,-37.393,175.832,"NZL",[],[809],"boom_town",3,0],["place-weipa-aus","l","Weipa",null,null,-12.643,141.864,"AUS",[],[810],"boom_town",3,0],["place-wieliczka-pol","l","Wieliczka",1123,null,49.989,20.066,"POL",[],[811,812],"heritage_site",4,0],["place-wiluna-aus","l","Wiluna",null,null,-26.595,120.225,"AUS",[],[813],"boom_town",5,0],["place-wittenoom-aus","l","Wittenoom",1950,null,-22.24,118.335,"AUS",[],[814,815,816],"ghost_town",8,0],["place-yellowknife-can","l","Yellowknife",1936,null,62.442,-114.397,"CAN",[],[817],"boom_town",8,0],["place-zacatecas-mex","l","Zacatecas",null,null,22.772,-102.575,"MEX",[],[818],"boom_town",7,0],["route-acapulco-manila-silver","r","Acapulco to Manila silver (Manila galleon)",1565,1815,16.863,-99.89,"",["silver"],[819,820,821],"ship",5,{"b":[14.596,120.977]}],["route-antofagasta-europe-nitrate","r","Chilean nitrate from Antofagasta to Europe",1873,null,-23.646,-70.398,"",["nitrate"],[822,823,824],"ship",4,{"b":[null,null]}],["route-antofagasta-liverpool-tin","r","Bolivian tin from Antofagasta to Liverpool",null,null,-23.646,-70.398,"",["tin"],[825,824,826],"ship",5,{"b":[53.407,-2.992]}],["route-arica-callao-silver","r","Arica to Callao silver",null,null,-18.478,-70.321,"",["silver"],[827,828,829],"ship",7,{"b":[-12.052,-77.139]}],["route-arica-potosi-mercury","r","Arica to Potosi mercury",1574,null,-18.478,-70.321,"",["mercury"],[830,828,831],"caravan",7,{"b":[-19.589,-65.753]}],["route-callao-panama-silver","r","Callao to Panama silver (Pacific leg)",null,null,-12.052,-77.139,"",["silver"],[827,829,832],"ship",7,{"b":[8.971,-79.535]}],["route-chile-swansea-copper-ore","r","Chilean copper ore to Swansea",1825,null,-29.953,-71.338,"",["copper"],[833,834,835,836,837],"ship",5,{"b":[51.617,-3.95],"v":19829.0}],["route-chincha-arica-mercury","r","Chincha to Arica mercury",1574,null,-13.45,-76.133,"",["mercury"],[830,838,828],"ship",5,{"b":[-18.478,-70.321]}],["route-cornwall-haifa-tin","r","Cornish tin to the Levant (Bronze Age)",-1300,null,50.213,-5.3,"",["tin"],[839,840,841,842],"ship",4,{"b":[32.819,34.999]}],["route-cornwall-rochelongue-tin","r","Cornish tin to southern France (Iron Age)",-600,null,50.213,-5.3,"",["tin"],[839,841,843],"ship",4,{"b":[43.31,3.475]}],["route-cyprus-moriken-copper","r","Cypriot copper to the Swiss plateau (c. 1400 BC)",-1400,null,35.092,32.884,"",["copper"],[844,845,846],"ship",4,{"b":[47.416,8.183]}],["route-dei-singapore-tin-ore","r","Dutch East Indies tin ore to Singapore",null,null,-2.0,118.0,"",["tin"],[847,848,849],"ship",3,{"b":[1.3,103.8]}],["route-drc-china-cobalt","r","Congolese cobalt to China",2025,null,-10.715,25.466,"",["cobalt"],[850,851],"road",4,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":230000.0}],["route-guinea-china-bauxite","r","Guinea bauxite to China",2022,null,11.08,-13.787,"",["aluminium"],[852],"ship",4,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":70.0}],["route-havana-seville-silver","r","Havana to Seville silver (Bahamas channel)",null,null,23.137,-82.359,"",["silver","gold"],[827,819,853,854],"ship",7,{"b":[37.389,-5.995]}],["route-hayle-swansea-copper-ore","r","Cornish copper ore to Swansea",null,null,50.183,-5.416,"",["copper"],[855,856,857,837],"ship",4,{"b":[51.617,-3.95]}],["route-hotan-zhou-jade","r","Khotan jade to the Zhou heartland",-1046,null,37.101,79.933,"",["nephrite-jade"],[858,859,860],"caravan",5,{"b":[34.261,108.942]}],["route-huancavelica-chincha-mercury","r","Huancavelica to Chincha mercury",1574,null,-12.785,-74.971,"",["mercury"],[830,861,838],"caravan",5,{"b":[-13.45,-76.133]}],["route-indonesia-china-bauxite","r","Indonesian bauxite to China",2022,null,0.9,108.9,"",["aluminium"],[862],"ship",3,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":19.0}],["route-iquique-europe-nitrate","r","Chilean nitrate from Iquique to Europe",null,null,-20.214,-70.152,"",["nitrate"],[823,863],"ship",5,{"b":[null,null]}],["route-japan-china-silver","r","Japanese silver to China",1550,1638,35.0,136.0,"",["silver"],[819,864,865],"ship",5,{"b":[35.0,105.0]}],["route-katanga-beira-copper","r","Katanga and Copperbelt copper via Rhodesia to Beira",null,null,-10.717,25.467,"",["copper"],[866,867,868],"rail",7,{"b":[-19.833,34.85]}],["route-katanga-belgium-copper","r","Katanga copper ore to Belgium",1911,null,-11.664,27.483,"",["copper"],[869,870,871],"ship",6,{"b":[50.641,4.668]}],["route-katanga-kigoma-dar-copper","r","Katanga copper via Lake Tanganyika to Dar es Salaam",null,null,-10.717,25.467,"",["copper"],[866,867,872],"rail",8,{"b":[-6.816,39.28]}],["route-katanga-lobito-copper","r","Katanga copper via the Benguela Railway to Lobito",null,1975,-10.717,25.467,"",["copper"],[866,873,874,867,875],"rail",8,{"b":[-12.35,13.546]}],["route-kiruna-lulea-iron-ore","r","Kiruna iron ore to Lulea (Iron Ore Line)",null,null,67.85,20.193,"",["iron-ore"],[876,877,878,879],"rail",3,{"b":[65.584,22.192]}],["route-kiruna-narvik-iron-ore","r","Kiruna iron ore to Narvik (Ofoten Line)",1902,null,67.85,20.193,"",["iron-ore"],[876,878,880],"rail",5,{"b":[68.438,17.428]}],["route-klondike-seattle-gold","r","Klondike gold from St. Michael to Seattle (SS Portland, 1897)",1897,null,63.471,-162.053,"",["gold"],[881,882,883,884],"ship",5,{"b":[47.605,-122.33]}],["route-kolyma-khabarovsk-gold","r","Kolyma gold flown to Khabarovsk",1940,null,62.292,147.732,"",["gold"],[885,886,887],"air",6,{"b":[48.483,135.067],"v":70.5}],["route-kolyma-novosibirsk-gold","r","Kolyma gold flown to Novosibirsk",1940,null,62.292,147.732,"",["gold"],[885,886,888],"air",5,{"b":[55.033,82.917]}],["route-la-paz-arica-railway","r","La Paz to Arica railway (Bolivian minerals)",1913,2005,-16.496,-68.133,"",["tin"],[889,822,890,828],"rail",3,{"b":[-18.478,-70.321]}],["route-laurion-athens-silver","r","Laurion silver to Athens",-483,null,37.727,24.038,"",["silver"],[891,892,893],"road",3,{"b":[37.984,23.728]}],["route-malay-states-penang-tin","r","Malay States tin ore to Penang smelters",1903,null,3.148,101.695,"",["tin"],[847,894,895],"ship",4,{"b":[5.415,100.329]}],["route-manila-china-silver","r","Manila to China silver",null,null,14.596,120.977,"",["silver"],[819,821,865],"ship",5,{"b":[35.0,105.0]}],["route-mexico-city-acapulco","r","Mexico City to Acapulco (Pacific silver road)",null,null,19.354,-99.136,"",["silver"],[896,897,820],"road",4,{"b":[16.863,-99.89]}],["route-mexico-city-veracruz","r","Mexico City to Veracruz (Atlantic silver road)",null,null,19.354,-99.136,"",["silver"],[896,897,898],"road",6,{"b":[19.19,-96.153]}],["route-mount-newman-port-hedland-iron-ore","r","Mount Whaleback iron ore to Port Hedland (Mount Newman railway)",1969,null,-23.365,119.675,"",["iron-ore"],[899,900,901,902],"rail",5,{"b":[-20.31,118.601]}],["route-oruro-antofagasta-tin","r","Bolivian tin from Oruro to Antofagasta (railway)",1892,null,-17.967,-67.117,"",["tin"],[822,825,903,824],"rail",8,{"b":[-23.646,-70.398],"v":9279.5}],["route-panama-portobelo-silver","r","Panama City to Portobelo silver (Camino de Cruces)",null,null,8.971,-79.535,"",["silver"],[896,832,904],"caravan",4,{"b":[9.554,-79.655]}],["route-pilbara-cape-lambert-china","r","Pilbara iron ore from Cape Lambert to China",null,null,-20.593,117.181,"",["iron-ore"],[674,905],"ship",5,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":159.0}],["route-pilbara-dampier-china","r","Pilbara iron ore from Dampier to China",null,null,-20.663,116.714,"",["iron-ore"],[674,673],"ship",6,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":138.0}],["route-pilbara-port-hedland-china","r","Pilbara iron ore from Port Hedland to China",2025,null,-20.311,118.601,"",["iron-ore"],[674,767,906],"ship",7,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":546.0}],["route-portobelo-havana-silver","r","Portobelo to Havana silver (Tierra Firme fleet)",null,null,9.554,-79.655,"",["silver","gold"],[896,827,904,853],"ship",6,{"b":[23.137,-82.359]}],["route-potosi-arica-silver","r","Potosi silver to Arica (Ruta de la Plata)",null,null,-19.589,-65.753,"",["silver"],[822,827,831,828],"caravan",7,{"b":[-18.478,-70.321]}],["route-potosi-seville-silver","r","Potosi silver to Seville",1545,null,-19.583,-65.753,"",["silver"],[770],"ship",8,{"b":[37.389,-5.984]}],["route-sar-e-sang-egypt-lapis","r","Badakhshan lapis lazuli to Egypt",-3000,null,36.21,70.793,"",["lapis-lazuli"],[907,908,909,910],"caravan",5,{"b":[25.902,32.724]}],["route-sf-china-treasure","r","San Francisco treasure to China",1854,1869,37.775,-122.419,"",["gold","silver"],[911,912,865],"ship",7,{"b":[35.0,105.0]}],["route-sf-eastern-us-treasure","r","San Francisco treasure to eastern US ports",1854,1869,37.775,-122.419,"",["gold","silver"],[911,913,912,914],"ship",6,{"b":[40.713,-74.006]}],["route-sf-england-treasure","r","San Francisco treasure to England",1854,1869,37.775,-122.419,"",["gold","silver"],[911,912,915],"ship",7,{"b":[51.507,-0.128]}],["route-sf-panama-gold","r","San Francisco to Panama gold (Pacific Mail steamers)",1849,null,37.775,-122.419,"",["gold"],[916,913,911,912,832],"ship",6,{"b":[8.971,-79.535]}],["route-shinkolobwe-new-york-uranium","r","Shinkolobwe uranium ore to New York (Staten Island)",1940,1942,-11.055,26.547,"",["uranium"],[917,918,919,920,921],"ship",5,{"b":[40.572,-74.147],"v":1200.0}],["route-swansea-copper-markets","r","Swansea copper to world markets",1830,1870,51.617,-3.95,"",["copper"],[922,835,923,837],"ship",4,{"b":[null,null]}],["route-sweden-germany-iron-ore-ww2","r","Swedish iron ore to Germany in the Second World War",1939,null,67.85,20.193,"",["iron-ore"],[877,878,924],"ship",5,{"b":[51.0,10.0],"v":10085817.0}],["route-tazara-copper-dar","r","Zambian copper via TAZARA to Dar es Salaam",1976,null,-13.977,28.685,"",["copper"],[925,926,927,872],"rail",8,{"b":[-6.816,39.28]}],["route-timna-pi-ramesses-copper","r","Arabah copper (Timna and Faynan) to Pi-Ramesses",-1300,-1150,29.781,34.984,"",["copper"],[928,929,930,931],"caravan",6,{"b":[30.799,31.834]}],["route-veracruz-seville-silver","r","Veracruz to Seville silver (New Spain fleet)",null,null,19.19,-96.153,"",["silver"],[896,898,854],"ship",9,{"b":[37.389,-5.995]}],["route-victoria-london-gold","r","Victorian gold to London (gold ships)",1852,1855,-37.814,144.963,"",["gold"],[932,933,934,915],"ship",5,{"b":[51.507,-0.128]}],["route-wa-spodumene-china","r","Australian spodumene to China",null,null,-26.0,121.0,"",["lithium"],[906,935],"ship",4,{"b":[35.862,104.195],"v":2.7}],["route-witwatersrand-london-gold","r","Witwatersrand gold to London",null,null,-26.202,28.042,"",["gold"],[936,937,915],"ship",6,{"b":[51.507,-0.128]}],["route-zacatecas-mexico-city-silver","r","Zacatecas to Mexico City silver (Camino de la Plata)",1550,null,22.772,-102.575,"",["silver"],[938,939,897],"road",6,{"b":[19.354,-99.136]}],["deposit-banded-iron-formation","d","Banded iron formation (Superior and Algoma types)",null,null,null,null,"",["iron-ore"],[940],"",17,0],["deposit-bauxite-laterite","d","Laterite-type bauxite",null,null,null,null,"",["aluminium","gallium"],[940],"",9,0],["deposit-carbonatite","d","Carbonatite and alkaline intrusion",null,null,null,null,"",["rare-earths","niobium","phosphate","iron-ore"],[940,941],"",18,0],["deposit-epithermal","d","Epithermal vein (Creede type)",null,null,null,null,"",["gold","lead","zinc","copper"],[940],"",26,0],["deposit-evaporite-potash","d","Evaporite potash",null,null,null,null,"",["potash"],[942],"",7,0],["deposit-graphite-metamorphic","d","Metamorphic graphite (flake, amorphous and vein)",null,null,null,null,"",["graphite"],[943],"",7,0],["deposit-greisen-tin-tungsten","d","Tin greisen and tin vein",null,null,null,null,"",["tin","tungsten","beryllium"],[940],"",21,0],["deposit-heavy-mineral-sands","d","Heavy mineral sands (shoreline placer)",null,null,null,null,"",["titanium","zirconium","rare-earths"],[940],"",12,0],["deposit-iocg","d","Olympic Dam type (iron oxide copper-gold-uranium)",null,null,null,null,"",["copper","uranium","gold","silver","rare-earths"],[940],"",13,0],["deposit-ionic-clay-ree","d","Ion-adsorption clay rare earths",null,null,null,null,"",["rare-earths"],[944],"",5,0],["deposit-kimberlite-pipe","d","Kimberlite and lamproite pipe",null,null,null,null,"",["diamonds"],[940],"",26,0],["deposit-laterite-nickel","d","Nickel laterite",null,null,null,null,"",["nickel","cobalt"],[940,945],"",19,0],["deposit-layered-intrusion-pgm","d","Layered intrusion PGM and chromite (Bushveld type)",null,null,null,null,"",["pgm","chromium","nickel","copper"],[940],"",18,0],["deposit-lct-pegmatite","d","Lithium-caesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatite",null,null,null,null,"",["lithium","caesium","tantalum","beryllium","tin"],[946],"",37,0],["deposit-magmatic-sulphide","d","Magmatic nickel-copper-PGE sulphide",null,null,null,null,"",["nickel","copper","pgm"],[940],"",31,0],["deposit-mvt","d","Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc",null,null,null,null,"",["zinc","lead"],[947],"",13,0],["deposit-orogenic-gold","d","Orogenic gold (low-sulphide gold-quartz veins)",null,null,null,null,"",["gold"],[940],"",37,0],["deposit-phosphorite","d","Marine phosphorite",null,null,null,null,"",["phosphate"],[940],"",5,0],["deposit-placer-gold-tin","d","Placer gold and tin",null,null,null,null,"",["gold","tin","pgm"],[940],"",14,0],["deposit-podiform-chromite","d","Podiform chromite",null,null,null,null,"",["chromium"],[940],"",4,0],["deposit-porphyry-copper","d","Porphyry copper",null,null,null,null,"",["copper","molybdenum","gold","silver"],[940,948],"",49,0],["deposit-roll-front-uranium","d","Sandstone-hosted (roll-front) uranium",null,null,null,null,"",["uranium"],[940],"",5,0],["deposit-salar-brine","d","Lithium brine (salar)",null,null,null,null,"",["lithium"],[949],"",14,0],["deposit-sedex","d","Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) zinc-lead",null,null,null,null,"",["zinc","lead"],[940,950],"",15,0],["deposit-sediment-hosted-copper","d","Sediment-hosted stratabound copper",null,null,null,null,"",["copper","silver"],[940,951],"",19,0],["deposit-sedimentary-manganese","d","Sedimentary manganese",null,null,null,null,"",["manganese"],[940],"",5,0],["deposit-skarn","d","Tungsten skarn",null,null,null,null,"",["tungsten","molybdenum"],[940],"",10,0],["deposit-unconformity-uranium","d","Unconformity-related uranium",null,null,null,null,"",["uranium","gold"],[940],"",9,0],["deposit-vms","d","Volcanogenic massive sulphide (Kuroko type)",null,null,null,null,"",["copper","zinc","lead"],[940],"",22,0],["deposit-witwatersrand-paleoplacer","d","Quartz-pebble conglomerate gold-uranium (Witwatersrand 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