Minerals/Energy

Uranium

Uranium fuels nuclear power reactors; demand comes from utilities on long-term contracts.

3governments list it as critical

01 · Where it's mined

Who digs it up

Kazakhstan is the largest producer, followed by Canada, Namibia and Australia. In 2024 BGS reports about 23.3 kt U from Kazakhstan, 16.0 kt from Canada, 7.3 kt from Namibia and 5.5 kt from Australia (BGS data, not yet cleared for public use).

  1. No country breakdown published.

. Columns on the globe show each country's share.

02 · A century of output

How production grew

03 · Where it goes

Follow the trade

Uranium ores and concentrates, 2024, by value

  • Namibia → China$803m
  • Australia → United States of America$432m
  • Namibia → France$138m
  • Namibia → United States of America$85m
  • Namibia → Canada$50.3m
  • Uzbekistan → India$46.8m

Arcs run from exporter to importer; thicker means more value. CEPII BACI reconciled trade data.

04 · What it's used for

Where demand comes from

Reactor fleet expansion, life extensions and restarts are lifting demand.

05 · Who calls it critical

On the critical lists

Critical for the US, UK, Canada and China. Russian enriched uranium imports to the US are being phased out by law.

  • United StatesUSGS List of Critical Minerals, 2025
  • CanadaCanada Critical Minerals List, 2024
  • ChinaChina National Mineral Resources Plan (2016-2020): 24 strategic minerals, 2016
Every government's critical minerals list

06 · Mines to know

The big operations

  • Olympic DamAustralia · BHP · 5.1 kt (2019)
  • RossingNamibia · Rossing Uranium · 2.48 kt (2018)
  • InkaiKazakhstan · JV Inkai
  • PalaboraSouth Africa · · 49.1 kt (2012)
  • Energy Resources of AustraliaAustralia · · 2 kt (2018)

Spikes mark mines with output in open data; height follows reported output. Where a public source says where a mine's product goes, an arc runs to that plant.

Every uranium mine and project, by country
See Uranium on the live globe

The detail

Uranium in depth

Supply

Kazakhstan is the largest producer, followed by Canada, Namibia and Australia. In 2024 BGS reports about 23.3 kt U from Kazakhstan, 16.0 kt from Canada, 7.3 kt from Namibia and 5.5 kt from Australia (BGS data, not yet cleared for public use).

Demand

Reactor fleet expansion, life extensions and restarts are lifting demand.

Policy and criticality

Critical for the US, UK, Canada and China. Russian enriched uranium imports to the US are being phased out by law.

What to watch

  • Kazatomprom guidance.
  • Reactor approvals.
From the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries