Critical minerals

United States critical minerals list

The United States lists 44 minerals as critical or strategic (USGS List of Critical Minerals, 2025, DOE Critical Materials List, 2023). Here is every mineral on the list, with where it is mined and how many other governments list it.

USGS List of Critical Minerals (2025)

60 critical entries. Source: U.S. Geological Survey / U.S. Department of the Interior.

As listed	Mineral page	On lists in
Aluminum	Aluminium and bauxite	7
antimony	Antimony	8
arsenic	Arsenic	3
barite	Baryte (barite)	2
beryllium	Beryllium	4
bismuth	Bismuth	7
boron	Boron (borates)	3
cerium	Rare earths	8
cesium	Caesium	2
chromium	Chromium	5
cobalt	Cobalt	8
copper	Copper	7
dysprosium	Rare earths	8
erbium	Rare earths	8
europium	Rare earths	8
fluorspar	Fluorspar	5
gadolinium	Rare earths	8
gallium	Gallium	7
germanium	Germanium	6
graphite	Graphite (natural)	8
hafnium	Hafnium	5
holmium	Rare earths	8
indium	Indium	6
iridium	Platinum group metals	7
lanthanum	Rare earths	8
lead	Lead	2
lithium	Lithium	8
lutetium	Rare earths	8
magnesium	Magnesium	6
manganese	Manganese	6
metallurgical coal	Metallurgical (coking) coal	2
neodymium	Rare earths	8
nickel	Nickel	8
niobium	Niobium	7
palladium	Platinum group metals	7
phosphate	Phosphate rock	2
platinum	Platinum group metals	7
potash	Potash	4
praseodymium	Rare earths	8
rhenium	Rhenium	4
rhodium	Platinum group metals	7
rubidium	Rubidium	1
ruthenium	Platinum group metals	7
samarium	Rare earths	8
scandium	Scandium	4
silicon	Silicon	7
silver	Silver	1
tantalum	Tantalum	7
tellurium	Tellurium	5
terbium	Rare earths	8
thulium	Rare earths	8
tin	Tin	7
titanium	Titanium minerals	7
tungsten	Tungsten	8
uranium	Uranium	3
vanadium	Vanadium	7
ytterbium	Rare earths	8
yttrium	Rare earths	8
zinc	Zinc	5
zirconium	Zirconium (zircon)	5

DOE Critical Materials List (critical materials for energy) (2023)

18 critical entries. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

As listed	Mineral page	On lists in
aluminum	Aluminium and bauxite	7
cobalt	Cobalt	8
copper	Copper	7
dysprosium	Rare earths	8
electrical steel	Electrical steel	1
fluorine	Fluorspar	5
gallium	Gallium	7
iridium	Platinum group metals	7
lithium	Lithium	8
magnesium	Magnesium	6
natural graphite	Graphite (natural)	8
neodymium	Rare earths	8
nickel	Nickel	8
platinum	Platinum group metals	7
praseodymium	Rare earths	8
silicon	Silicon	7
silicon carbide	Silicon carbide	1
terbium	Rare earths	8

USGS List of Critical Minerals (final 2022, prior edition) (2022)

50 critical entries. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

As listed	Mineral page	On lists in
Aluminum	Aluminium and bauxite	7
antimony	Antimony	8
arsenic	Arsenic	3
barite	Baryte (barite)	2
beryllium	Beryllium	4
bismuth	Bismuth	7
cerium	Rare earths	8
cesium	Caesium	2
chromium	Chromium	5
cobalt	Cobalt	8
dysprosium	Rare earths	8
erbium	Rare earths	8
europium	Rare earths	8
fluorspar	Fluorspar	5
gadolinium	Rare earths	8
gallium	Gallium	7
germanium	Germanium	6
graphite	Graphite (natural)	8
hafnium	Hafnium	5
holmium	Rare earths	8
indium	Indium	6
iridium	Platinum group metals	7
lanthanum	Rare earths	8
lithium	Lithium	8
lutetium	Rare earths	8
magnesium	Magnesium	6
manganese	Manganese	6
neodymium	Rare earths	8
nickel	Nickel	8
niobium	Niobium	7
palladium	Platinum group metals	7
platinum	Platinum group metals	7
praseodymium	Rare earths	8
rhodium	Platinum group metals	7
rubidium	Rubidium	1
ruthenium	Platinum group metals	7
samarium	Rare earths	8
scandium	Scandium	4
tantalum	Tantalum	7
tellurium	Tellurium	5
terbium	Rare earths	8
thulium	Rare earths	8
tin	Tin	7
titanium	Titanium minerals	7
tungsten	Tungsten	8
vanadium	Vanadium	7
ytterbium	Rare earths	8
yttrium	Rare earths	8
zinc	Zinc	5
zirconium	Zirconium (zircon)	5

"On lists in" counts the jurisdictions (of the 8 we track) whose current list includes the mineral.

Other lists

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